The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) influences atmospheric circulation and deep convection over the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean on a 30–90 day cycle. A new study finds that global warming over the past century has made the MJO more predictable.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) shapes climate, weather, and marine life. A cost-effective method can estimate the AMOC at a 22.5°S, a critical location at the edges of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre.

In winter, extratropical cyclones (ETCs) bring risky weather: heavy rain and snow, and strong winds. New research will employ advanced climate models to predict how ETCs might change in the future.

Global average temperature was more than 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than the pre-industrial average for several months in late 2023. That doesn't mean we've already breached the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.

With 28 events, 2023 easily surpassed 2020 as the year with the most billion-dollar disasters in the U.S. The preliminary price tag is at least $92.9 billion.

Recent atmospheric patterns don't match those that typically precede a sudden stratospheric warming event. But forecasts do suggest the polar vortex might get stretched out of shape in coming weeks.

Will December's mild weather continue in January, or will winter finally rear its ugly (and cold) head?

Before 2023 officially wraps up we want to highlight some of the climate related stories, maps, and graphs that we brought you over the past year.

As COP28 concludes, NOAA provides highlights observations since the last major climate agreement was signed in 2015. Known as the Paris Agreement, it was adopted by 196 countries including the United States at COP25 in Paris.

Projected end-of-21st-century increases in central tropical Pacific dust and iron deposition strengthen with increasing emissions/radiative forcing, and are aligned with projected soil moisture decreases in adjacent land areas and precipitation increases over the equatorial Pacific.