Summary: Land and marine managers can use this guidance document and spreadsheet tool to calculate numerical vulnerability scores for habitats. Scores indicate the degree to which various habitats may be vulnerable to current and future climate stressors.

Orcas . Mother and calf pair of orcas in the Ross Sea, near Antarctica. Source : . Wikimedia Commons. Image credit: Robert Pitman. Public domain. via Wikimedia Commons. Pag ...

Primary production refers to the abundance of plants on Earth—an indicator of the potential for capturing the sun's energy in complex molecules (sugars). This image shows primary production on land an ...

A wave breaking over a coral reef. Source : . U. S. Geological Survey. Photo credit: Curt Storlazzi, U. S. Geological Survey. Public domain, via Flickr. Page/s that contain this i ...

Every summer, Greenland's ice sheet melts when temperatures warm up. This year, however, saw the start of the ice melt season begin in April, much earlier than normal.

Guest blogger Amy Butler explains how changes in the stratospheric polar vortex can influence the "usual" effects of El Niño on the climate in the Northern Hemisphere.

Published : . November 2006. This report evaluates and synthesizes knowledge on climate variability, climate change, and increased ultraviolet radiation and their consequences for the ...

Published : . April 2006. This report, a Synthesis and Assessment Product from the U. S. Climate Change Science Program, addresses previously identified discrepancies between observat ...

Published : . March 2016. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency produced this publication with assistance from federal, state, local, and academic partners. It is designed to help ...

Published : . March 2007. This comprehensive scientific assessment of past, present, and future global climate change represents the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) W ...