think of Jacob Bjerknes, who wrote the recipe, assembling the ingredients of the ocean and atmosphere that give rise to the marvelous climate phenomenon we now call the El Niño-Southern Oscillation or ...

water vapor is also a key stage of the water cycle, ferrying water and heat through the atmosphere from one place on Earth to another. On an everyday level, the amount of water vapor in the air—the hu ...

Circulation is giant loop in which air blows westward at the surface, climbs high into the atmosphere over the Western Pacific, flows eastward at high altitudes, and sinks back to the surface over the ...

heat islands the size of cities and on city surfaces, but those images can't show variations in air temperatures across neighborhoods or on the streets. Conditions in the places where human activity t ...

we can use these projections to get an idea about how forest environments might be different in the future, which could help us make decisions about how to preserve diverse forest types and to plan fo ...

focuses on the causes, timing, and magnitudes of historic floods, as well as flood-prone areas in students' own communities. Students synthesize information from local hazard mitigation plans, NOAA, U ...

just on the total amount of sea ice left, but also on how early in the season the ice retreats. In the Chukchi Sea, where waters have warmed 0.7 degrees Celsius (1.3 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade sin ...

several months of flirting, the tropical Pacific ocean and atmosphere appear to have coupled just in time for Valentine's Day and now meet the criteria for El Niño conditions. Is it true love? Time wi ...

in the Niño-3.4 index equal to or exceeding +0.5C for a single month. 2. The tropical Pacific atmosphere should be consistent with El Niño. In particular, rainfall should be enhanced near the Date Lin ...

margins of the continent's melting ice shelves. Much of this year's sea ice growth occurred late in the winter season, and weather records indicate that strong southerly winds blew over the Weddell Se ...