s fisheries, and intense rainfall led to coastal flooding. The most extreme El Niño events, in terms of the surface warming in the eastern and central Pacific, occurred during 1982-1983 and 1997-1998. ...

abnormally high freeze damage to apple and other fruit crops in the Northeast. Spring freeze risk in apple blossoms depends on three sequential factors: 1) the accumulation of winter chill units, 2) t ...

the country, they found out it was the country's wettest May since records began 121 years ago. In fact, it was the wettest month ever recorded! This map shows precipitation across the contiguous Unit ...

sea surface temperature anomalies to persist for this duration in order to ensure that the atmosphere and ocean in the ENSO system are truly coupled (supported by a variety of atmospheric and ocean in ...

from average—white and very light areas were close to the long-term average temperature. In a similar way, the bottom image shows how much more or less rain each climate division received than its lon ...

July 2021. This collection of leading practices in climate adaptation covers a suite of climate adaptation actions and is intended to broadly promote collaborative learning. Each practice in the colle ...

frozen water part of the Earth system). Graphics representing data on sea ice, snow, and the atmosphere are generally no more than a few days old. Information on permafrost, glaciers, and ice sheets m ...

dry winter across the U. S. South and Southwest—not good news for the record-breaking drought in the U. S. Southwest and Texas. It's not unusual for La Niña events to stretch out for more than one yea ...

land and ocean) for May 2012 was the second warmest May temperature since recordkeeping began in 1880, and the temperature over land surfaces was the warmest on record for May. May 2012 also marks the ...

summary (pdf) of highly unusual winter sea ice conditions in the waters around the Bering Strait was made by the International Arctic Research Center (IARC) in collaboration with NOAA. IARC is one of ...