High tide flooding in downtown Miami, Florida. The useful life of roads and other infrastructure is shortened dramatically by repeated saltwater inundation. Source :. Wikimedia Commons. Image credit: ...

This map shows the Coastal Vulnerability Index, a representation of the relative risk that physical changes will occur along portions of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coasts as sea level rises. ...

West Palm Beach, Florida. Source :. Wikimedia Commons. Image Credit: Cynthisa, own work. CC-BY-SA-3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Last modified : . 17 October 2014 - 11:16am. ...

As the assessment now known as the BAMS State of the Climate report pushes into its third decade, international participation is at an all-time high. From atmospheric chemists to tropical meteorologists, more than 420 authors from institutions in 57 countries contributed to this year's report.

It's not all about ENSO: other important climate patterns impact the United States during the Northern Hemisphere winter season, too.

Super Typhoon Haiyan slammed into the east coast of Samar and Leyte Islands in the Philippines with what may have been the highest recorded wind speed for a tropical cyclone at landfall. Haiyan, locally known as “Yolanda,” was the deadliest typhoon in the country's modern record.

The annual average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere stood at 395.3 parts per million (ppm) in 2013—a 27 percent increase compared to conditions before the Industrial Revolution. On May 9, 2013, the daily average concentration of CO2 surpassed 400 ppm for the first time at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii.

While the Northern Hemisphere’s snow cover on land ranked as the 13th most extensive on record in 2013, snow cover extent at the end of the cold season has dropped by 19.9 percent per decade since 1979 relative to the 1981-2010 average.

Large-scale patterns of sea surface salinity in 2013 mirrored the overall trend seen from 2004 to 2013: salty, dry areas are becoming increasingly salty, and fresher areas are becoming increasingly fresh.

Arctic sea ice extent shrunk down to 2.0 million square miles (5.1 million square kilometers) in September 2013—18 percent below the 1981-2010 average, but larger than record low set in 2012.