AI/ML and ENSO prediction
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That's a great question. You can be sure that scientists are continuing to test AI/ML methods for ENSO prediction. In fact, this study, which was published a few years ago, shows promising results for predicting ENSO about 18 months into the future using a deep learning neural network method. There also has been promising work on using model analogs from long climate model simulations for ENSO prediction, as shown in this study. So, I think this will remain an active area of research, and hopefully these methods can be used to improve operational ENSO forecasts.