Dear Emily, thanks for this clear explanation of the current state of the 2015 ENSO. Does your group (or any other that you are aware of which does similar work) gauge how much the ENSO affects the Indian summer monsoon? I work on agriculture and having a good understanding of all the climatological factors that influence our monsoon is vital. We're seeing right now an Arabian Sea that is warmer than it should be, and large areas in the Bay of Bengal that are cooler than they should be. Just as Australia monitors the strength of an ENSO to prepare for drought, we must do the same to prepare for increased dryness and, more important, delayed sowing.