This was an interesting interview.  And, based on what they said, it sounds like the question that no one has much of an answer to yet is how human-caused global warming will affect the tropical Pacific (including ENSO).  So, here are my questions:

1. Given that researchers do have some data for parts of the Pacific that predate the satellite era, how effective is it for them to use that as a proxy for the rest of that ocean (in terms of measuring how ENSO has changed over time)?  

2. Given the data that we have, do the trends suggest that things are changing more rapidly than before, the same speed as before, or slower than before?

3. Given that winds across the tropical Pacific do play a role with ENSO, what insights have they gained about how human-caused global warming is affecting them?

Thank you for reading this, and I look forward to hearing from you.