Yes, there is a whole branch of climate science known as "event attribution," in which scientists use climate and weather models along with statistical analysis of long-term records of weather and climate to determine what natural or human-caused factors influenced a given event and how much of a role each one played.

We have a couple explainers on the topic:

• Extreme event attribution: the climate versus weather blame game

•  Global warming, or just the weather? 

We write about these sorts of analyses in our Event Tracker department.