and early December as the growth halts. Arctic sea ice extent reaches its maximum winter extent in late February or early March. Following a record-low January extent, this year's winter maximum is li ...

Heat Vulnerability Mapping to Inform Adaptation and Mitigation of Extreme Heat Exposure Risk in Small Cities and Rural Settlements." Overseen by UVM's Elizabeth Doran, PhD, a CEMS research assistant p ...

raise global temperatures. The first mass coral bleaching was observed during the strong El Niño in 1983, and the first truly global event coincided with the strong El Niño of 1998. The world's tropic ...

of the U. S. Climate Change Science Program, examines contributions of Earth science information in decision support activities and their relationship to climate change science. URL to Main S ...

It was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Adapted from State of the Climate in 2017, the graph at right shows global surface temperature from a variety of data sets each year fro ...

normal, respectively. If temperatures fall into the middle 10 years, it is considered normal. In areas in the East where cold temperatures are expected, strong winds are likely to cause wind chill tem ...

Over Time. Ever since a fleet of free-floating, robotic Argo floats achieved near-global coverage in 2004, scientists have been able to track ocean salinity within a few meters of the ocean surface. F ...

weather and pounding from storm waves; its loss makes for a more fragile ice pack. As reported in the 2017 Arctic Report Card, sea ice older than four winters made up 16 percent of the Arctic sea ice ...

the Gulf of California in Mexico saw even higher extremes. Hot spots were primarily concentrated in coastal areas near high ocean surface temperatures and intense continental heat—a recipe for extreme ...

have a long reach: many of the big climate events of 2011, including famine-inducing drought in East Africa, an above-average hurricane season in the Atlantic, and record rainfall in many parts of Aus ...