climate record in the Vostok ice core that shows the relationship between temperature and both CO2 and CH4 (methane). It shows that over the geologic record, temperature and greenhouse gases change t ...

Prolonged heat and dryness during the summer of 2018 has turned formerly green fields into dusty, dying patches of soil all across Europe, leading to drought across many countries. ...

Mix the butter and sugar together. We'll start by measuring out the tropical Pacific ocean- atmosphere system. The first ingredient in any ENSO recipe is the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Niño ...

is likely to have widely diverging impacts on U. S. dust storms, with significant increases in the Southwest and Southern Plains in warm months, but decreases year round in the Northern Plains. These ...

equations to characterize how energy and matter interact in different parts of the ocean, atmosphere, land. Building and running a climate model is complex process of identifying and quantifying Earth ...

mountain ranges, the geometry of Earth's orbit, and—crucially—the composition of the global atmosphere. These things define the boundaries of the climate system, the relatively narrow range of outcome ...

in 1969, realized that the El Niño—the cycle in ocean temperatures—was often connected to the atmosphere above it, the "Southern Oscillation." The latter is more far-flung, and reflects the change in ...

from expert scientist: The video clearly communicates parallel between Pliocene levels of CO2 and modern levels of CO2, and illustrates both graphically and in map form Pliocene coastlines (example: ...

paint:water ratio that is high in water compared to the other contrail 'recipes.' But in the atmosphere, short-lived contrails are due to the lack of moisture in the atmosphere. The longer-lived contr ...

of flood events, the timing of seasonal flow patterns, and severity of droughts. These changes, in turn, will affect fish, ecosystems, and human communities that depend on these streams. ...