Section: Maps & Data
Published: November 18, 2016
Do sea surface temperatures suggest El Niño or La Niña conditions? Colors on this map show where and by how much monthly sea surface temperature differed from long-term average (1985-1993, details from Coral Reef Watch). Red areas were warmer than average, and blue areas were cooler than average. The darker the color, the larger the difference from the long-term average. White and very light areas were near average. [Editor's note: All maps are based on the 1985-1993 climatology. Due to a processing glitch, maps prior to September 2021 are incorrectly labelled as using a base period of 1981-2010. If correcting this date is important for your use, you can rebuild the image with the assets in the full-resolution zip file.]
Warmer-than-average sea surface temperature across the central and eastern tropical Pacific is one of the indicators of El Niño conditions. El Niño is the name for the warm phase of a major climate pattern called the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Conversely, cooler-than-average sea surface temperature across this region is one indicator of La Niña conditions. La Niña is the name for the cool phase of ENSO.